Facing the decline in vaccine coverage observed since 2016, the new Brazilian government committed to reversing this scenario. To achieve this, the Federal Government launched the National Vaccination Movement and the 'Health with Science' platform to combat vaccine misinformation, promoted Microplanning, providing tools for decision-making at the territorial level, allocated 30 million dollars to states and municipalities to implement innovative vaccination strategies, standardized the rules of the information systems for the registration of vaccine doses, and directed data to the National Health Data Network (RNDS). Reversing the declining trend of vaccination coverage in Brazil is challenging, but within just one year, it is possible to observe significant results from governmental actions. Out of the eight recommended vaccines by the age of one, seven showed an increase in vaccination coverage in 2023 compared to 2022: Most states showed improvements in vaccination coverage. Many challenges persist in advancing the vaccination agenda. However, there are reasons to celebrate the reversal of the declining trend in coverage of several vaccines in this first year of government and the increase in the number of municipalities that have fully achieved the vaccination coverage target. The National Vaccination Movement, with public opinion awareness, the resumption of regionalized communication campaigns, localized micro-planning actions including extramural vaccination strategies, and the integration of information systems, has been decisive in strengthening work in the territories and thus restoring a culture of immunization, a source of pride in the country and internationally recognized, throughout the 50 years of the National Immunization Program

ABSTRACT The measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine is usually recommended from 24 months after a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Some authors have demonstrated that the MMR vaccination can be safe from 12 months post-HSCT in non-immunosuppressed patients, as recommended by the Brazilian National Immunization Program/Ministry of Health, since 2006. The objectives of this study were to evaluate when patients received MMR vaccine after an HSCT in our care service and if there were reports of any side effects. We retrospectively reviewed the records of HSCT recipients who received at least one MMR dose in our care service, a quaternary teaching hospital in Sao Paulo city, Brazil, from 2017 to 2021. We identified 82 patients: 75.6% (90.1% in the autologous group and 45.1% in the allogeneic group) were vaccinated before 23 months post-transplantation. None reported side effects following the vaccination. Our data support that the MMR vaccination is safe from 12 to 23 months after HSCT.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 hospitalizations in a tertiary hospital by age group and month, considering the introduction and the advance of the vaccination against the disease. The laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among people aged 20 years or older, that occurred between March 2020 and June 2021, were distributed by month of symptom onset and age group. The proportion of hospitalizations by age group was calculated for the year 2021. The proportions were compared using the chi-square test for trends. The marks of vaccination advances among different age groups were taken from the official website LocalizaSUS. In 2020, hospitalizations among people aged 60–80 years old were the most frequent (39.1%). From January–June 2021, when the vaccination commenced, while hospitalizations of patients aged 20 to < 40 and 40 to 60 years old showed an increasing trend, the older age groups and those with vaccination recommendations (from 60 to < 80 and from 80 or over) showed a downward trend. As of June 2021, with widespread vaccination, a drop in hospitalizations was observed in > 60 years old. At 20 to <40 and 40 to < 60, an increase in hospitalizations was observed. It demonstrates the important role of vaccination in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT Twenty-seven children aged seven months to 5 years were inadvertently vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine, the CoronaVac (Sinovac, China), an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, in two different cities of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. After the event, these children were monitored by local pediatricians and serum samples were collected at the first visit and 30 days after vaccination and tested for SARS-CoV-2 S1 serology with Ortho total IgG anti-S1 protein and Cpass, an ACE2 receptor binding domain inhibition assay. Only one child had a mild symptom after vaccination, with no other adverse events documented up to the 30 days follow-up. Of 27 children tested 3-9 days after vaccination, 5 (19%) had positive serology suggesting a previous natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, with all 19 tested on day 30 after vaccination and presenting with positive tests, with an increment of antibody titers in those initially positive. A low Cpass binding inhibition was observed in the first collection in 11 seronegative cases, with high titers among those anti-S1 positive. All children showed an important increase in antibody titers on day 30. The event allowed the documentation of a robust serological response to one dose of CoronaVac in this small population of young children, with no major adverse effects. Although it was an unfortunate accident, this event may contribute with future vaccine strategies in this age group. The data suggest that CoronaVac is safe and immunogenic for children.

RESUMO Em fevereiro de 2020, um navio de carga vindo da China atracou no Porto de Santos com relato de tripulantes com quadro febril e respiratório. Uma equipe foi mobilizada para verificar a existência de casos suspeitos de COVID-19 dentro da embarcação e definir a liberação da embarcação no porto. Todos os 25 tripulantes foram entrevistados e não foram encontrados casos suspeitos. Então a embarcação foi liberada para atividades no porto. A investigação resultou da aplicação do plano de contingência diante de uma emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional e houve a colaboração de diversas entidades de vigilância.

ABSTRACT In February 2020, a Chinese cargo ship docked at the Port of Santos with reports of crew members with a feverish and respiratory condition. A team was gathered to verify the existence of suspected cases of COVID-19 inside the vessel and define its clearance. All 25 crew members were interviewed, and no suspected cases were found. The vessel was then cleared for port activities. The investigation resulted from the implementation of the contingency plan to face a public health emergency of international importance and several surveillance entities cooperated.

RESUMO Em fevereiro de 2020, um navio de carga vindo da China atracou no Porto de Santos com relato de tripulantes com quadro febril e respiratório. Uma equipe foi mobilizada para verificar a existência de casos suspeitos de COVID-19 dentro da embarcação e definir a liberação da embarcação no porto. Todos os 25 tripulantes foram entrevistados e não foram encontrados casos suspeitos. Então a embarcação foi liberada para atividades no porto. A investigação resultou da aplicação do plano de contingência diante de uma emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional e houve a colaboração de diversas entidades de vigilância.

ABSTRACT In February 2020, a Chinese cargo ship docked at the Port of Santos with reports of crew members with a feverish and respiratory condition. A team was gathered to verify the existence of suspected cases of COVID-19 inside the vessel and define its clearance. All 25 crew members were interviewed, and no suspected cases were found. The vessel was then cleared for port activities. The investigation resulted from the implementation of the contingency plan to face a public health emergency of international importance and several surveillance entities cooperated.

Resumo Objetivo descrever a ocorrência de eventos adversos pós-vacinação (EAPV) com a vacina dTpa durante a gestação. Métodos estudo descritivo, com dados de relatos das participantes de estudo de efetividade e imunogenicidade realizado em dois hospitais de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, entre 2015 e 2016. Resultados das 201 mães incluídas no estudo, 48 (23,9%) apresentaram pelo menos um EAPV; foram identificados 60 sintomas relacionados ao uso da dTpa – dor (22,4%), inchaço (2,5%), febre (1,5%), sono (1,0%), vermelhidão (0,5%), vômito (0,5%), dor de cabeça (0,5%), reação local (0,5%) e cansaço (0,5%); não foram registrados eventos adversos raros, muito raros ou extremamente raros; todos os eventos foram considerados esperados e estão descritos em bula; todos tiveram desfecho para cura sem sequelas. Conclusão a dTpa, na forma adotada pelo Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI), é segura; não foram identificados eventos adversos inesperados entre as gestantes imunizadas com a vacina.

Abstract Objective to describe occurrence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with Tdap vaccine during pregnancy. Methods this was a descriptive study using data from reports by participants in an effectiveness and immunogenicity study conducted in two hospitals in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, from 2015 to 2016. Results of the 201 mothers included in the study, 48 (23.9%) had at least one AEFI; 60 symptoms related to Tdap use were identified – pain (22.4%), swelling (2.5%), fever (1.5%), somnolence (1.0%), redness (0.5%), vomiting (0.5%), headache (0.5%), local reaction (0.5%), and fatigue (0.5%); no rare, very rare, or extremely rare adverse events were reported; all events were considered to be expected, as they are described in the vaccine package insert; outcome of all events was recovery without sequelae. Conclusion Tdap vaccine in the form adopted by the National Immunization Program is safe; no unexpected adverse events were identified among vaccinated pregnant women.

Resumen Objetivo describir el aparecimiento de eventos adversos posvacunación (EAPV) con la vacuna dTpa durante el embarazo. Métodos estudio descriptivo con datos de relatos de las participantes del estudio de efectividad e inmunogenicidad realizado en dos hospitales de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, entre 2015 y 2106. Resultados de las 201 madres del estudio, 48 (23,9%) tuvieron al menos un EAPV; se identificaron 60 síntomas relacionados al uso de dTpa – dolor (22.4%), hinchazón (2.5%), fiebre (1.5%), somnolencia (1.0%), enrojecimiento (0.5%), vómitos (0.5 %), dolor de cabeza (0.5%), reacción local (0.5%) y cansancio (0.5%) –; no se informaron eventos adversos raros, muy raros o extremadamente raros; todos los eventos se consideraron esperados y se describen en el prospecto; todos tuvieron resultados curativos sin secuelas. Conclusión el estudio mostró que la vacuna dTpa utilizada por el Programa Nacional de Inmunización (PNI) es segura y no se identificaron eventos adversos inesperados entre las mujeres embarazadas vacunadas.

Resumo Objetivo descrever a ocorrência de eventos adversos pós-vacinação (EAPV) com a vacina dTpa durante a gestação. Métodos estudo descritivo, com dados de relatos das participantes de estudo de efetividade e imunogenicidade realizado em dois hospitais de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, entre 2015 e 2016. Resultados das 201 mães incluídas no estudo, 48 (23,9%) apresentaram pelo menos um EAPV; foram identificados 60 sintomas relacionados ao uso da dTpa – dor (22,4%), inchaço (2,5%), febre (1,5%), sono (1,0%), vermelhidão (0,5%), vômito (0,5%), dor de cabeça (0,5%), reação local (0,5%) e cansaço (0,5%); não foram registrados eventos adversos raros, muito raros ou extremamente raros; todos os eventos foram considerados esperados e estão descritos em bula; todos tiveram desfecho para cura sem sequelas. Conclusão a dTpa, na forma adotada pelo Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI), é segura; não foram identificados eventos adversos inesperados entre as gestantes imunizadas com a vacina.

Abstract Objective to describe occurrence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with Tdap vaccine during pregnancy. Methods this was a descriptive study using data from reports by participants in an effectiveness and immunogenicity study conducted in two hospitals in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, from 2015 to 2016. Results of the 201 mothers included in the study, 48 (23.9%) had at least one AEFI; 60 symptoms related to Tdap use were identified – pain (22.4%), swelling (2.5%), fever (1.5%), somnolence (1.0%), redness (0.5%), vomiting (0.5%), headache (0.5%), local reaction (0.5%), and fatigue (0.5%); no rare, very rare, or extremely rare adverse events were reported; all events were considered to be expected, as they are described in the vaccine package insert; outcome of all events was recovery without sequelae. Conclusion Tdap vaccine in the form adopted by the National Immunization Program is safe; no unexpected adverse events were identified among vaccinated pregnant women.

Resumen Objetivo describir el aparecimiento de eventos adversos posvacunación (EAPV) con la vacuna dTpa durante el embarazo. Métodos estudio descriptivo con datos de relatos de las participantes del estudio de efectividad e inmunogenicidad realizado en dos hospitales de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, entre 2015 y 2106. Resultados de las 201 madres del estudio, 48 (23,9%) tuvieron al menos un EAPV; se identificaron 60 síntomas relacionados al uso de dTpa – dolor (22.4%), hinchazón (2.5%), fiebre (1.5%), somnolencia (1.0%), enrojecimiento (0.5%), vómitos (0.5 %), dolor de cabeza (0.5%), reacción local (0.5%) y cansancio (0.5%) –; no se informaron eventos adversos raros, muy raros o extremadamente raros; todos los eventos se consideraron esperados y se describen en el prospecto; todos tuvieron resultados curativos sin secuelas. Conclusión el estudio mostró que la vacuna dTpa utilizada por el Programa Nacional de Inmunización (PNI) es segura y no se identificaron eventos adversos inesperados entre las mujeres embarazadas vacunadas.

ABSTRACT Eleven lactating women were inadvertently vaccinated with 17DD yellow fever vaccine in a small city of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Their infants were being exclusively breast-fed and the breastfeeding was interrupted for 10 days. Serum and breastmilk were collected from the vaccinated mothers and tested for the presence of genomic RNA of the vaccine strain 8, 10 and 15 days after vaccination. Viral RNA was not detected in any of the serum and human milk samples tested and the infants remained asymptomatic. Our result strengthens the effectineness of stopping breastfeeding for 10 days after the inadvertent yellow fever vaccination of lactating women.

ABSTRACT In March 2014, the Quadrivalent human papilloma virus vaccine (4vHPV) was introduced in the female adolescents vaccination schedule of the National Immunization Program (PNI). A school-based vaccination program was implemented. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study of the adverse events that took place after HPV vaccination, reported to the Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) Information System in Sao Paulo State, from March 2014 to December 2016. All reports that fit the definitions of the 2014 National Manual on AEFI surveillance were included. AEFI risk was estimated by dividing the number of reports by the number of vaccine doses administered in the period. In the three-year period, 3,390,376 HPV vaccine doses were administered and 465 AEFI reports were registered, with 1,378 signs and symptoms. The reporting rate was 13.72 per 100,000 vaccine doses administered. The reports peaked in the first year of the program. The most frequent AEFI was syncope, with 5.7 reports per 100,000 doses administered, followed by dizziness, malaise, headache and nausea. Overall, 39 AEFI cases (8.4%) were classified as severe , with a reporting rate of 1.15 per 100,000 vaccine doses administered. Most cases were classified as severe because of hospitalization. Among them, there were cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome, deep vein thrombosis, seizures and miscarriage. All young women recovered without sequelae. We identified five clusters of AEFI reports in four cities; the larger AEFI cluster occurred in the city of Bertioga, in September 2014, involving 13 female adolescents. Our data are in accordance with those from other countries and corroborate the safety of HPV vaccines.

Resumo Objetivo: A vigilância da intussuscepção foi iniciada após a introdução da vacina monovalente viva atenuada contra rotavírus (RV1) em todo o país. O objetivo é avaliar a epidemiologia da intussuscepção e comparar a quantidade de casos antes e depois da introdução da vacina contra rotavírus. Métodos: Os casos de intussuscepção entre março de 2006 e janeiro de 2008 foram identificados por meio de um sistema de vigilância passivo prospectivo aprimorado estabelecido em hospitais-sentinela estaduais. A análise retrospectiva de prontuários médicos foi usada para identificar os casos que ocorreram em hospitais-sentinela entre janeiro de 2001 e fevereiro de 2006. Resultados: De 2001-2008, identificamos 331 casos de intussuscepção, 59,5% dos quais ocorreram em pacientes do sexo masculino, com pico de incidência entre aqueles com 18-24 semanas de idade. Em geral, < 10% dos casos ocorreram entre neonatos com 6-14 semanas de idade (quando a 1a dose de RV1 é administrada). Os sinais ou sintomas de intussuscepção observados com mais frequência incluíam vômito (89,4%), fezes com sangue (75,5%) e distensão abdominal (71,8%). A maioria (92,1%) dos pacientes precisou de cirurgia para o tratamento; 31,8% dos que se submeteram à cirurgia precisaram de ressecção intestinal e 13 (3,9%) vieram a óbito. Entre os 21 hospitais que relataram casos durante todo o período de vigilância (2001-2008), a quantidade de casos de intussuscepção em 2007 (n = 26) e 2008 (n = 19) não foi maior do que a quantidade média anual (31, faixa de 24-42) durante os anos-base de 2001-2005. Conclusões: Embora esta análise não tenha identificado um aumento nos casos de intussuscepção nos dois anos após a introdução da RV1, esses resultados justificam a necessidade de métodos epidemiológicos especiais para avaliar a possível associação entre a vacina contra rotavírus e esse evento adverso muito raro.

Abstract Objective: Intussusception surveillance was initiated after the nationwide introduction of live attenuated monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1). The objective is to assess the epidemiology of intussusception and compare the number of cases before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine. Methods: Cases of intussusception occurring between March 2006 and January 2008 were identified through a prospective enhanced passive surveillance system established in sentinel state hospitals. Retrospective review of medical records was used to identify cases, which occurred in sentinel hospitals between January 2001 and February 2006. Results: From 2001 to 2008, 331 intussusception cases were identified, 59.5% were male, with peak incidence among those 18–24 weeks of age. Overall <10% of cases were among infants 6–14 weeks of age (when the first dose of RV1 is administered). The most frequently observed signs or symptoms of intussusception included vomiting (89.4%), bloody stool (75.5%), and abdominal distention (71.8%). A majority (92.1%) of the case-patients required surgery for treatment; 31.8% of those who underwent surgery required bowel resection, and 13 (3.9%) died. Among the 21 hospitals that reported cases throughout the entire surveillance period (2001–2008), the number of intussusception events during 2007 (n = 26) and 2008 (n = 19) was not greater than the average annual number (n = 31, range 24–42) during baseline years 2001–2005. Conclusions: Although this analysis did not identify an increase in intussusception cases during the two years after RV1 introduction, these results support the need for special epidemiologic methods to assess the potential link between rotavirus vaccine and this very rare adverse event.

O Brasil não apresenta circulação endêmica do vírus do sarampo desde o ano 2000. Entre maio e junho de 2011, a Região Metropolitana de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo, registrou três casos de sarampo. Foram descritos casos, as medidas de controle, a busca de possível fonte e de casos secundários. A caracterização genotípica do vírus identificou o genótipo D4, circulante no continente europeu. Não foram encontrados casos índice ou secundários. As medidas de controle efetuadas, aliadas à cobertura vacinal adequada da Região Metropolitana de Campinas contribuíram para que a transmissão da doença fosse interrompida.

Brazil has not had endemic circulation of the measles virus since 2000. Between May and June 2011, the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, State of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, reported three cases of measles. This report presents a descriptive study of the cases, control measures, and the search for a possible source and secondary cases. The genotypic characterization of the virus identified genotype D4, circulating in Europe. Secondary cases or index case were not found. The control measures and adequate vaccination coverage in Metropolitan Region of Campinas contributed to the interruption of disease transmission.

Brasil no presenta circulación endémica del virus sarampión desde el año 2000. Entre mayo y junio de 2011, la Región Metropolitana de Campinas, Estado de Sao Paulo, registró tres casos de sarampión. Se describieron los casos, las medidas de control, la búsqueda de la posible fuente y de casos secundarios. La caracterización genotípica del virus identificó el genotipo D4. No se encontraron casos índices o secundarios. Las medidas de control efectuadas, aliadas a la adecuada cobertura de la vacuna en la Región Metropolitana de Campinas contribuyeron para que la transmisión de la enfermedad fuera interrumpida.

O Brasil não apresenta circulação endêmica do vírus do sarampo desde o ano 2000. Entre maio e junho de 2011, a Região Metropolitana de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo, registrou três casos de sarampo. Foram descritos casos, as medidas de controle, a busca de possível fonte e de casos secundários. A caracterização genotípica do vírus identificou o genótipo D4, circulante no continente europeu. Não foram encontrados casos índice ou secundários. As medidas de controle efetuadas, aliadas à cobertura vacinal adequada da Região Metropolitana de Campinas contribuíram para que a transmissão da doença fosse interrompida.

Brazil has not had endemic circulation of the measles virus since 2000. Between May and June 2011, the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, State of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, reported three cases of measles. This report presents a descriptive study of the cases, control measures, and the search for a possible source and secondary cases. The genotypic characterization of the virus identified genotype D4, circulating in Europe. Secondary cases or index case were not found. The control measures and adequate vaccination coverage in Metropolitan Region of Campinas contributed to the interruption of disease transmission.

Brasil no presenta circulación endémica del virus sarampión desde el año 2000. Entre mayo y junio de 2011, la Región Metropolitana de Campinas, Estado de Sao Paulo, registró tres casos de sarampión. Se describieron los casos, las medidas de control, la búsqueda de la posible fuente y de casos secundarios. La caracterización genotípica del virus identificó el genotipo D4. No se encontraron casos índices o secundarios. Las medidas de control efectuadas, aliadas a la adecuada cobertura de la vacuna en la Región Metropolitana de Campinas contribuyeron para que la transmisión de la enfermedad fuera interrumpida.